{"id":11765,"date":"2024-12-23T10:57:02","date_gmt":"2024-12-23T15:57:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/?page_id=11765"},"modified":"2025-03-08T09:52:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-08T14:52:55","slug":"types","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/types\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Brain Injuries"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"hero-container hero-container__hero-small_image\">\n  <div class=\"hero hero-small_image\">\n    <div class=\"hero__title_container\">\n      <h1 class=\"hero__title\">\n                  \n              <\/h1>\n              <nav class=\"breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n\t<ol class=\"breadcrumbs__list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\">Pages<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\n<\/nav>      \n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"hero__image-container\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/abi-stroke-inpatient-assistive-technologies-0038.jpg?ver=1732587548\" alt=\"Female patient is learning to use hi-tech and mid-tech communication methods to communicate with assistive technology therapist and occupational therapist. Her mother also participates in the education and therapy.\"\/>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"idf-block text-content\">\n\t\t<h2>What are the types of brain injuries?<\/h2>\n<p>A brain injury refers to any injury that impacts a person physically, emotionally, or behaviorally and are primarily. Brain injuries are primarily categorized into the following types:<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--accordion idf-block accordion\" id=\"accordionFlush2563\">\n            <div class=\"accordion__accordion\">\n      <h3 class=\"accordion__title\" id=\"flush-heading_2563_1\">\n        <button class=\"accordion__trigger\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#flush-collapse_2563_1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"flush-collapse_2563_1\">\n          Traumatic brain injury (TBI)<span class=\"sp-before-icon\"><\/span>\n        <\/button>\n      <\/h3>\n      <\/h2>\n      <div role=\"region\" id=\"flush-collapse_2563_1\" class=\"accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"flush-heading_2563_1\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordionFlush2563\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__content-wrap text-content\"><p>TBIs are caused by external forces that impact the brain, such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, or a sports-related blow to the head.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Causes:<\/strong> Falls, motor vehicle accidents, acts of violence, gunshot wounds, and military attacks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Severity levels:<\/strong> Can range from mild (brief changes in consciousness) to severe (extended loss of consciousness or amnesia).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n          <div class=\"accordion__accordion\">\n      <h3 class=\"accordion__title\" id=\"flush-heading_2563_2\">\n        <button class=\"accordion__trigger\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#flush-collapse_2563_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"flush-collapse_2563_2\">\n          Non-traumatic brain injury (NTBI) <span class=\"sp-before-icon\"><\/span>\n        <\/button>\n      <\/h3>\n      <\/h2>\n      <div role=\"region\" id=\"flush-collapse_2563_2\" class=\"accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"flush-heading_2563_2\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordionFlush2563\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__content-wrap text-content\"><p>NTBIs are caused by internal factors, such as strokes, tumors, lack of oxygen, or infections.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Causes:<\/strong> Stroke (leading cause), lack of oxygen (anoxic injury), tumors, infections, and other medical conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact:<\/strong> Unlike TBIs, NTBIs affect the entire brain, potentially causing widespread damage and affecting cognitive, motor, and emotional functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n          <div class=\"accordion__accordion\">\n      <h3 class=\"accordion__title\" id=\"flush-heading_2563_3\">\n        <button class=\"accordion__trigger\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#flush-collapse_2563_3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"flush-collapse_2563_3\">\n          Concussions <span class=\"sp-before-icon\"><\/span>\n        <\/button>\n      <\/h3>\n      <\/h2>\n      <div role=\"region\" id=\"flush-collapse_2563_3\" class=\"accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"flush-heading_2563_3\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordionFlush2563\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__content-wrap text-content\"><p>Concussions are a type of mild TBI often caused by a blow to the head or sudden jarring. Though considered mild, concussions can lead to significant short-term and long-term effects if not managed properly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"wp-block-button\">\n                                <a class=\"wp-fancy__link\" href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/services-clinics\/concussion-clinic\/what-is-a-concussion\/\" >\n                  More About Concussions\n                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n          <div class=\"accordion__accordion\">\n      <h3 class=\"accordion__title\" id=\"flush-heading_2563_4\">\n        <button class=\"accordion__trigger\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#flush-collapse_2563_4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"flush-collapse_2563_4\">\n          Anoxic and hypoxic brain injuries <span class=\"sp-before-icon\"><\/span>\n        <\/button>\n      <\/h3>\n      <\/h2>\n      <div role=\"region\" id=\"flush-collapse_2563_4\" class=\"accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"flush-heading_2563_4\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordionFlush2563\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__content-wrap text-content\"><p>Anoxic and hypoxic injuries occur when the brain does not receive enough oxygen, potentially leading to significant damage.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Anoxic brain injury:<\/strong> Occurs when the brain receives no oxygen, which can happen due to drowning, suffocation, or cardiac arrest.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hypoxic brain injury:<\/strong> Caused by restricted oxygen flow to the brain, which can result from respiratory failure or other conditions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Symptoms:<\/strong> Can include confusion, speech difficulties, sensory changes, and disorientation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"wp-block-button\">\n                                <a class=\"wp-fancy__link\" href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/types\/anoxic-hypoxic\/\" >\n                  More About Anoxic and Hypoxic Brain Injuries\n                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                                        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"idf-block text-content\">\n\t\t<h2>How are brain injuries assessed?<\/h2>\n<p>Understanding the severity and impact of a brain injury is essential for determining the best course of treatment. Here are some of the key tools used to assess brain injuries.<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--accordion idf-block accordion\" id=\"accordionFlush3690\">\n            <div class=\"accordion__accordion\">\n      <h3 class=\"accordion__title\" id=\"flush-heading_3690_1\">\n        <button class=\"accordion__trigger\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#flush-collapse_3690_1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"flush-collapse_3690_1\">\n          The Rancho Los Amigos Scale <span class=\"sp-before-icon\"><\/span>\n        <\/button>\n      <\/h3>\n      <\/h2>\n      <div role=\"region\" id=\"flush-collapse_3690_1\" class=\"accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"flush-heading_3690_1\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordionFlush3690\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__content-wrap text-content\"><p>The Rancho Los Amigos Scale is often used to explain behavioral, cognitive, and emotional changes that take place during healing. It consists of 10 levels, each representing a different stage of recovery:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Level 1:<\/strong> No response \u2013 patient appears to be in a deep sleep and does not respond to voices, sounds, light, or touch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 2:<\/strong> Generalized response \u2013 patient reacts inconsistently and non-purposefully to stimuli; may open eyes but not focus on anything in particular.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 3:<\/strong> Localized response \u2013 patient&#8217;s responses are purposeful but inconsistent; may follow simple commands.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 4:<\/strong> Confused, agitated \u2013 patient is in a heightened state of activity; behavior may be bizarre or aggressive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 5:<\/strong> Confused, inappropriate, non-agitated \u2013 patient responds to simple commands but is easily distracted; may be verbally inappropriate.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 6:<\/strong> Confused-appropriate \u2013 patient follows simple directions consistently; some awareness of self and others.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 7:<\/strong> Automatic-appropriate \u2013 patient goes through daily routine automatically; poor insight into condition.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 8:<\/strong> Purposeful-appropriate \u2013 patient is alert, oriented, and capable of learning new activities; may still have deficits in judgment and reasoning.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 9:<\/strong> Purposeful-appropriate (standby assistance) \u2013 patient can shift between tasks independently; may require assistance to anticipate problems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Level 10:<\/strong> Purposeful-appropriate (modified independent) \u2013 patient can handle multiple tasks but may require periodic breaks; irritability may persist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n          <div class=\"accordion__accordion\">\n      <h3 class=\"accordion__title\" id=\"flush-heading_3690_2\">\n        <button class=\"accordion__trigger\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#flush-collapse_3690_2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"flush-collapse_3690_2\">\n          Glasgow Comma Scale <span class=\"sp-before-icon\"><\/span>\n        <\/button>\n      <\/h3>\n      <\/h2>\n      <div role=\"region\" id=\"flush-collapse_3690_2\" class=\"accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"flush-heading_3690_2\" data-bs-parent=\"#accordionFlush3690\">\n        <div class=\"accordion__content-wrap text-content\"><p>The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to measure the initial responses or lack of responses to determine the level of brain injury. It assesses three key areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Best Eye Response (1-4):<\/strong> No eye opening to eyes opening spontaneously.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Best Verbal Response (1-5):<\/strong> No verbal response to being fully oriented.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Best Motor Response (1-6):<\/strong> No motor response to obeying commands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The total score ranges from 3 to 15, with lower scores indicating more severe impairments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\t<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--feature-set\">\n\t\t<div class=\"idf-block side-image-feature\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"side-image-feature__media\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/sci-abi-outpatient-beyond-therapy-0162.jpg?ver=1732655712\" alt=\"A person with boxing gloves and a happy expression leans against an angled surface, while another person in a \"STAFF\" shirt stands nearby, also wearing boxing gloves. They seem to be engaged in a boxing training session.\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1667\"\/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"side-image-feature__copy-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"side-image-feature__copy-wrap__box text-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"side-image-feature__headline--small\">Brain injury treatment<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rehabilitation and therapy options are crucial for recovery from a brain injury. These include physical, occupational, and speech-language therapies, all designed to help individuals regain lost skills and enhance their quality of life.<\/p>\n<p>We understand the significance of accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment for brain injuries. Our dedicated team is committed to providing the highest quality care and support throughout the recovery process.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"side-image-feature__links\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/treatment-programs\/\">Brain Injury Treatment at Shepherd<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"idf-block text-content\">\n\t\t<h2>Living with a brain injury<\/h2>\n<p>Your experience with brain injury is unique, and the effects may evolve as you work through rehabilitation and adjust to life after the injury.<\/p>\n<p>Living with a brain injury can present significant challenges, but there are ways to adapt and improve quality of life, such as ongoing therapy, exercise, support resources, preventative measures, and managing symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to modern treatments, assistive devices, and specialized rehabilitation programs, you can adapt and overcome the challenges you face, helping you live a fulfilling and meaningful life.<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--buttons idf-block\">\n\t<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-button link-round_corners\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/after-rehabilitation\/\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLife After Brain Injury Rehabilitation\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-button link-round_corners\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.myshepherdconnection.org\/abi\/Living-with-Brain-Injury\"  target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLiving with Brain Injury\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--link-block idf-block\">\n\t<div class=\"link-block\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"link-block__label\">Continue Exploring<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/overview\/\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLearn About Brain Injuries\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/choosing-rehabilitation-center\/\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChoosing a Brain Injury Rehabilitation Center\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/treatment-programs\/\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBrain Injury Treatment Programs\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shepherd.org\/treatment\/conditions\/brain-injury\/after-rehabilitation\/\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAfter Brain Injury Rehabilitation\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explore the different types of brain injuries and their symptoms. Learn about the causes and potential treatments for each.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"parent":9160,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-11765","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.1 (Yoast SEO v25.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Types of Brain Injuries | Shepherd Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the different types of brain injuries and their symptoms. 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